Cadmium

Elsevier eBooks · 2025-01-01

Comparative Hepatotoxicology

Elsevier eBooks · 2025-03-23

Systemic granulomatosis associated with hairy vetch toxicosis in a cattle herd

Research in Veterinary Science · 2025-09-23

Contributors

Elsevier eBooks · 2025-01-01

Iron

Elsevier eBooks · 2025-01-01

Cyclic Peptide Hepatotoxins from Cyanobacteria

2024-12-03 · 1 citations

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are unicellular or microscopically filamentous organisms, which rely on photosynthesis for energy and have a cell wall similar to those of gram-negative bacteria. The organisms occur in waters of varied organic and ionic composition and salinity, ranging from fresh, through brackish, and marine, to hypersaline (Fogg et al., 1973). Conditions which promote formation of dense blooms of cyanobacteria include (1) ample sunlight, (2) moderate to high nutrient concentrations (notably phosphorus, ammonia, and nitrate) which may arise from household, industrial, or agricultural pollution, (3) water temperatures of 15 to 30°C (Ringelberg and Baard, 1988), and (4) a pH > 6 (Skulberg et al., 1984). However, factors which trigger algal toxin formation are not precisely known. Ingestion of wind-concentrated blooms has often been associated with the deaths of livestock, waterfowl, and dogs. Hepatotoxicoses and neurotoxicoses are the most common syndromes caused by ingestion of these blooms.

Investigative and Diagnostic Toxicology and Feed-Related Outbreaks

Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice · 2023-12-26 · 1 citations

Pathology in Practice

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · 2022-05-18

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Investigation of a common canine factor VII deficiency variant in dogs with unexplained bleeding on autopsy

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation · 2022-08-10

The factor VII (FVII) protein is an integral component of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Deleterious variants in the gene encoding this protein can result in factor VII deficiency (FVIID), a bleeding disorder characterized by abnormal (slowed) clotting with a wide range of severity, from asymptomatic to life-threatening. In canids, a single FVIID-associated variant, first described in Beagles, has been observed in 24 breeds and mixed-breed dogs. Because this variant is present in breeds of diverse backgrounds, we hypothesized that it could be a contributing factor to unexplained bleeding observed in some canine autopsy cases. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 67 anticoagulant-negative autopsy cases with unexplained etiology for gross lesions of hemorrhage. Each dog was genotyped for the c.407G>A ( F7 1 ) variant. Experimental controls included 3 known heterozygotes and 2 known homozygotes for the F7 1 variant, 2 normal dogs with known homozygous wild-type genotypes ( F7 W F7 W ), and 5 dogs with bleeding at autopsy that tested positive for anticoagulant rodenticide and were genotyped as F7 W F7 W . All 67 cases tested homozygous for the wild-type allele, indicating that the common FVIID variant was not responsible for the observed unexplained bleeding. Our work demonstrates the usefulness of retrospective studies utilizing veterinary diagnostic laboratory databases and tissue archives for genetic studies. In the case of FVIID, our results suggest that a singular molecular test for the F7 1 variant is not a high-yield addition to postmortem screening in these scenarios.

Atrazine intoxication in cattle, confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation · 2021 · 2 citations

• Chemistry
• Chromatography
• Animal science

Ten of 40 cows died within 48 h of gaining access to a barn in which various chemicals were stored. Some of the surviving cows exhibited drooling, muscle tremors, and agitation. Postmortem examinations of 2 cows were performed in the field, and revealed nonspecific, moderate-to-severe pulmonary congestion. Liver and rumen contents, each from a different cow, were analyzed using a qualitative, multi-residue GC-MS method validated for the detection of pesticides and other chemical analytes. Using this method, extracts from the liver and rumen content samples were compared to atrazine (neat standard) and matrix-matched, control samples fortified with atrazine. GC-MS analysis detected atrazine at 215 m/z (NIST match >97%) with a retention time of ~13 min in liver and rumen content samples from our case. Detection of atrazine in the samples from the cows in this herd, combined with the clinical history, indicate that atrazine toxicity was the likely cause of clinical signs and death observed in this herd.