ElasticDiT: Efficient Diffusion Transformers via Elastic Architecture and Sparse Attention for High-Resolution Image Generation on Mobile Devices

arXiv (Cornell University) · 2026-05-15

The Diffusion Transformer (DiT) architecture is the state-of-the-art paradigm for high-fidelity image generation, underpinning models like Stable Diffusion-3 and FLUX.1. However, deploying these models on resource-constrained mobile devices entails prohibitive computational and memory overhead. While efficiency-driven approaches like Linear-DiT and static pruning alleviate bottlenecks, they often incur quality degradation. Unlike cloud environments, mobile constraints require a single-model paradigm that dynamically balances fidelity and latency. We introduce ElasticDiT, which achieves this dynamic trade-off by adjusting spatial compression ratios and DiT block depths. By integrating Shift Sparse Block Attention (SSBA) and a Tiny DWT-Distilled VAE (T-DVAE), ElasticDiT reduces inference latency and memory footprint while maintaining image quality. Experiments confirm that ElasticDiT effectively covers a wide range of fidelity-latency trade-offs within a single set of parameters. By jointly adjusting compression and depth, a single ElasticDiT model can be reconfigured on-the-fly to outperform task-specific baselines. Specifically, our flex lite variant achieves an HPS of 32.87, surpassing the Flux model, while maintaining competitive quality at 84.16 percent average sparsity through SSBA. Furthermore, the plug-and-play T-DVAE provides SD3-level reconstruction with only 1/8x the computational cost of standard VAEs, and Flow-GRPO boosts semantic alignment (GenEval: 66.93 to 73.62). These results demonstrate that ElasticDiT offers a versatile, hardware-adaptive solution that eliminates the need for multiple specialized models, providing a promising path for future high-resolution image generation on mobile devices.

CoN-Mn3O4 heterojunctions encapsulated by bamboo-like carbon nanotubes for enhanced bifunctional electrocatalysis in zinc-air batteries

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry · 2026-05-16

NH3 slip identification and NH3-Induced bias correction in remote NOx emissions monitoring of heavy-duty diesel vehicles

Journal of Environmental Management · 2026-04-01 · 1 citations

Remote in-use emissions monitoring of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) is increasingly adopted to strengthen air-quality governance and ensure real-world compliance with nitrogen oxides (NOx) limits. A persistent challenge is the severe cross-sensitivity of electrochemical NOx sensors to ammonia (NH 3 ) slip from aftertreatment systems. This interference inflates apparent NOx emissions, triggers false exceedances, and undermines the credibility of fleet-scale monitoring data. Here, a telematics-integrated dual-algorithm framework is proposed to detect NH 3 slip events and correct the NOx measurement bias resulting from NH 3 -induced cross-sensitivity using only on-board signals, enabling scalable deployment without hardware modification. NH 3 slip is first identified using a moving-window NH 3 excess index ( EI NH3 ) combined with SCR efficiency thresholds to ensure robust event discrimination under transient driving. Cross-sensitivity artifacts are then corrected by constraining the effective selective catalytic reduction conversion to 99% during slip conditions and applying state compensation derived from Arrhenius-type NH 3 storage kinetics. The framework is validated on multiple HDDVs over real-driving emission (RDE) cycles using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) and a laser spectroscopic NH 3 analyzer as independent references. Results show that motorway high-speed operation exacerbates NH 3 slip under elevated space velocity and exhaust temperature. Across RDE tests, the identification module achieves 77-97% slip event recall and >93% classification accuracy, while the correction reduces the mean error of the 90th-percentile specific NOx emission ( SE NOx _P 90) by 94% (0.50 to 0.03 g/kWh), effectively eliminating false exceedances attributable to NH 3 interference. In multi-vehicle compliance screening, several vehicles that would have been falsely flagged as non-compliant based on raw remote NOx data were reclassified as compliant after correction, with their estimated emissions falling below the 0.69 g/kWh regulatory limit, reducing false non-compliance determinations and improving the precision of high-emitter targeting. By enabling scalable and trustworthy NOx quantification, the proposed framework enhances the credibility and cost-effectiveness of telematics-based oversight. It supports cleaner freight operations through more reliable, data-driven emissions governance under real-world driving conditions. • Telematics-integrated dual algorithm detects NH 3 slip via EI NH3 and SCR efficiency. • Artifacts are corrected by enforcing a fixed SCR conversion and applying state compensation. • PEMS and laser-NH 3 RDE validation achieves 77-97% slip recall and >93% accuracy. • SE NOx _P90 mean error drops 94% (from 0.50 to 0.03 g/kWh), reducing false exceedances.

Student Hands-on Atmospheric Discovery during an Eclipse (SHADE) over Texas

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · 2025-03-01 · 1 citations

Abstract On 8 April 2024, a total solar eclipse overpassed Texas in the southern portion of the United States. To monitor the impact of the total solar eclipse, a group of students from Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi developed two weather balloon payloads and six ground-based instrument packages using microcontrollers and low-cost sensors. These instrument packages were deployed to six different sites spanning nearly 600 km along the total eclipse path from the Mexican border to North Texas. During the total eclipse, air temperature decreased, and relative humidity increased consistently at all six stations due to the reduction in sensible heating. The dewpoint temperatures decreased at the near surface at all sites likely due to the reduction in evaporation. Five of the six ground stations observed a slight dampening of the wind speed, and two of the six stations recorded significant counterclockwise wind shifts. No consistent pattern was observed in the surface vertical electric field at the six ground stations. The two balloon payloads captured the damping of the visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere throughout the event. Though a slight decrease in both temperature and ozone in the lower stratosphere was observed after the totality, it is difficult to determine the impact from the eclipse on the ozone mixing ratio and dynamics in the lower stratosphere from only a few vertical profiles. For the students who participated, this field campaign has provided invaluable experiences in instrumentation, fieldwork, and data collection. Significance Statement The main purpose of this field campaign is to employ a group of undergraduate and graduate students to use both low-cost and professionally manufactured instruments to construct six mobile weather stations and two weather balloons to measure the atmospheric responses to the total solar eclipse event on 8 April 2024, across Texas. This project provides students invaluable experiences in instrumentation, fieldwork, and data collection. From the initial data, there are a consistent decrease in temperature and dewpoint temperature and an increase in relative humidity at all sites. However, there is no consensus among the different sites in the response of near-surface aerosol concentration and atmospheric electric field to the eclipse. The measurements from two stratospheric balloons show a possible cooling and a decrease in the ozone mixing ratio in the lower stratosphere.

Investigating the effects of orography and ambient wind on deep convection over tropical islands

2025-03-14

Examination of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite database (1994-2015) of 272 tropical and subtropical islands reveals a modest weakening of convective intensity with increased terrain height,h or ambient wind,U (for a given island area, A), and a strengthening with increasing A. Quasi-idealized, convection-permitting simulations broadly reproduce these sensitivities to h and A, but not that to U. In both observations and simulations, intensity increases with the island-averaged convective available potential energy (CAPE). Because CAPE generally decreases over taller islands that protrude deeper into the free troposphere, convective intensity varies inversely with h. The frequency of convective events increases with total island area over which both large CAPE and strong near-surface horizontal convergence coincide. This trend favors higher frequencies over larger islands with complex (but shallow) terrain. The model's inability to reproduce the observed decrease of convective intensity with U stems from a negative observed correlation between CAPE and U that was neglected in the simulations. Thus, as with h, the negative observed trend between intensity and U ultimately stems from the impacts of CAPE on convective intensity.

Contact or Cognate: a Case Study of the Sound Correspondences between Cun and Hlai in Hainan

Journal of Chinese linguistics · 2025-04-01

汉语和黎语是村话词汇的两个主要来源。村话中来自汉语的词汇的舌齿音经历了 *t>ɗ→*s>tθ的链式音变，其中涉及的中古汉语音类与周边汉语方言不同，表明村话在语言接触中经历了独立的演变。尽管以往的研究将村话定义为黎语的一种方言，但村话与黎语方言之间无法建立舌齿音的规律对应关系。本文认为，村话中来自汉语的词汇是固有的，而来自黎语的词汇是在村话到达海南之后借入的。固有层次的音变发生在语音借用和适应过程中，形成借词音系中的复杂历史层次。

Contact or cognate: A case study of the sound correspondences between Cun and Hlai in Hainan

Journal of Chinese linguistics · 2025-04-01

ABSTRACT: Chinese and Hlai serve as two main sources of Cun vocabulary. The coronal initials of Cun's Chinese-sourced words have undergone the chain shift *t>ɗ→*s>tθ, in which the involved sound classes of Middle Chinese are different from the surrounding Chinese dialects, indicating Cun's independent evolution in the language contact. Though Cun being defined as a vernacular of Hlai by previous studies, regular correspondences of coronal initials cannot be established between Cun and Hlai dialects. This paper proposes that Chinese-sourced words are inherent, whereas the Hlaisourced words are borrowed after the migration of Cun. The inherent sound changes took place in the process of an ongoing phoneme borrowing and adapting, creating multiple historical strata in the correspondences of loan phonemes. 摘要: 汉语和黎语是村话词汇的两个主要来源。村话中来自汉语的词汇的舌齿 音经历了 *t>ɗ→*s>tθ 的链式音变，其中涉及的中古汉语音类与周边汉 语方言不同，表明村话在语言接触中经历了独立的演变。尽管以往的研 究将村话定义为黎语的一种方言，但村话与黎语方言之间无法建立舌齿 音的规律对应关系。本文认为，村话中来自汉语的词汇是固有的，而来 自黎语的词汇是在村话到达海南之后借入的。固有层次的音变发生在语 音借用和适应过程中，形成借词音系中的复杂历史层次。

The Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS) Project

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · 2025-07-09 · 2 citations

Abstract Overshooting storms are convective systems with updrafts that penetrate through the tropopause into the overlying stratosphere. These storms can rapidly transport a wide variety of chemical species and aerosols from the boundary layer and free troposphere directly to the stratosphere. The central plains of the United States and the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico are two of the global hotspots for overshooting convection. While the existence of these storms has been known for several decades, the amount of tropospheric air, including water vapor, trace gases, and aerosols, transported across the tropopause is poorly understood, as is their impact on the dynamics, chemistry, and radiative balance of the stratosphere. Climate models suggest that as Earth’s climate continues to warm, overshooting convection over the United States may increase, potentially causing changes to stratospheric composition and transport. To address these scientific questions, the NASA ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft flew 31 missions during the summers of 2021 and 2022 to make observations of the outflow from overshooting storms in the stratosphere over North America and the eastern Pacific Ocean as part of the Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS) project. The ER-2 carried a payload of 12 instruments to measure meteorological parameters, water and its isotopologues, trace gases, and aerosol properties. Ozone, water vapor, and aerosol sondes were also launched on balloons during the field deployments. This paper describes the science goals of the DCOTSS project, the aircraft measurement strategy, the data produced by the project, and highlights of science results to date. Significance Statement During the summers of 2021 and 2022, the Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS) project used the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft. DCOTSS was the first research mission designed specifically to make observations of the outflow from overshooting thunderstorms in the stratosphere. The ER-2 carried instruments to measure meteorological parameters, trace gases, water vapor and its isotopologues, and aerosol properties. DCOTSS vastly expanded the available observational data and has led to significant advances in understanding the occurrence of overshooting storms and their impact on the stratosphere, including background conditions, transport mechanisms at different scales, ozone chemistry, and volcanic aerosols. All DCOTSS data are publicly available from the NASA Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC).

Observation of Gravity Waves Generated by Convection and the “Moving Mountain” Mechanism During Stratéole‐2 Campaigns and Their Impact on the QBO

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · 2025-03-25 · 3 citations

Abstract Convective gravity waves are important for the forcing of the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO). There is a wave component that is stationary with respect to the convective cells that is triggered by convection acting like a barrier to the background flow (moving mountain mechanism). Waves from this mechanism have only been observed in a few case studies and are not parameterized in climate models. However, the representation of the whole spectrum of gravity waves is crucial for the simulation of the QBO, especially in the lowermost stratosphere (below 50 hPa) where the QBO amplitudes are under‐estimated in current global circulation models. In this study, we present analysis of convective gravity wave observations from superpressure balloons in boreal winter 2019 and 2021, retrieving phase speeds, momentum fluxes, and drag. We also identify waves generated by the moving mountain mechanism using the theory of the Beres scheme as a basis. These waves do not have a specific period, but are of smaller horizontal scale, on average around 300 km, which is similar to the scale of convective systems. Our results show that gravity waves contribute up to 2/3 to the QBO forcing below 50 hPa and waves from the moving mountain mechanism are responsible for up to 10% of this forcing.

The influence of postpartum depression literacy on health promoting behaviors among postpartum women

Scientific Reports · 2025-07-24 · 1 citations

This study aimed to investigate the influence of postpartum depression literacy on health promoting behaviors among postpartum women, focusing on the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of family functioning in this dynamic relationship. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 622 postpartum women recruited during routine prenatal visits. Data were collected using validated instruments, including the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale. A moderated mediation model was adopted to examine direct, indirect, and interaction effects among the variables. Higher levels of postpartum depression literacy were significantly associated with increased engagement in health promoting behaviors. Self-efficacy partially mediated this relationship, with an indirect effect size of 0.35, indicating its central role in translating mental health literacy into positive behavioral outcomes. Family functioning moderated the association between postpartum depression literacy and self-efficacy, with stronger family support amplifying the beneficial effect (interaction effect, p < 0.05). These findings indicate that postpartum depression literacy significantly contributes to the adoption of health promoting behaviors among postpartum women, primarily by enhancing self-efficacy, a mechanism that is further reinforced in the context of high family functioning. This underscores the necessity of incorporating both mental health literacy enhancement and family-centered support strategies into comprehensive maternal health promotion programs to maximize behavioral engagement and improve overall maternal well being.