About

Jennifer Fogt is an Associate Professor of Clinical Optometry at The Ohio State University College of Optometry. She earned a Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry from Wittenberg University in 1995, followed by a Doctor of Optometry degree and a Master of Science in Pharmacology from The Ohio State University. Her teaching roles have included instructing third-year optometry students in Primary Vision Care and fourth-year students in Contact Lens Clinic, with a current focus on teaching contact lens fitting, including specialty lenses for various disease processes. Her research activity centers on industry-sponsored studies related to contact lens design, solutions, dry eye, ocular pharmaceuticals, and myopia control. As the director of the Innovation in Vision and Eye care Research Group (iVERG), she designs study protocols, acquires funding, and manages clinical trials, including FDA 510k studies and large sponsor-designed FDA clinical trials. She is actively involved in regulatory compliance, contract negotiations, and research dissemination through reports, abstracts, and manuscripts. Additionally, Fogt serves as an Executive Committee member of the Scleral Lenses in Current Ophthalmic Practice Evaluation (SCOPE) group, contributing to research on scleral contact lens fitting practices and ocular surface disease management. She has been a Fellow of the American Academy of Optometry since 2001 and a Fellow of the Scleral Lens Education Society since 2017, and she is a member of several professional organizations including the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology and the American Optometric Association.

Research topics

• Ophthalmology
• Medicine
• Optometry
• Optics
• Surgery
• Art
• Anesthesia
• Engineering
• Physical therapy
• Internal medicine
• Visual arts
• Pediatrics
• Physics

Selected publications

• Fluid Reservoir Characteristics in Established Scleral Lens Wear, Part I—Evaluation of Fluid Reservoir Depth and Midday Fogging

  Eye & Contact Lens Science & Clinical Practice · 2026-04-14

  articleOpen access1st authorCorresponding

  OBJECTIVES: Fluid reservoir (FR) depth is an important parameter in the evaluation of scleral lens fitting, yet the range of depths compatible with successful wear, clinicians' ability to estimate depth, and implications of FR depth on midday fogging have yet to be fully elucidated. This study quantified FR depth of habitual scleral lens wearers, compared clinician estimates and image-based measurements of depth, and evaluated optical density of the FR to assess the effect of FR depth on midday fogging. METHODS: Habitual scleral lens wearers consented to participate at three sites. FR depth was estimated using slitlamp evaluation by experienced examiners. Measurements of the depth and optical density of the FR were collected using Scheimpflug images. RESULTS: The mean estimated (265±97; range: 0-500 µm) and image-derived (264±111; range: 40-555 µm) FR depths were not statistically different ( P =0.9). No correlation was found between optical density and depth of the FR. CONCLUSION: Successful scleral lens wear can occur with a wide range of FR depths. Experienced practitioners can accurately estimate FR depth using slitlamp examination. Midday fogging due to debris behind a scleral lens was not related to FR depth in this group of habitual wearers.

  PublisherDOI

• Predictive Gaze Shifts and Gaze Tracking with Coincidence-Anticipation Timing Responses

  Clinical Optometry · 2026-02-01

  articleOpen access

  Introduction: Coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT) requires an individual to execute a task at the same time that an approaching object arrives. Previous studies on intercepting a moving object suggest that if the interception location is known, observers quickly shift their gaze to this location. The purpose of this experiment was to qualitatively determine whether a clinical CAT device with a known interception location induces early predictive gaze shifts. Materials and Methods: CAT responses were measured using a Bassin Anticipation Timer consisting of a linear track of lights (3.58m). The lights illuminated sequentially to simulate movement along the track. A wearable video eye tracker was used to record the participants' gaze location. Participants pushed a button to coincide with illumination of the final light on the track. CAT responses were assessed in 2 conditions. In the nonrandom condition, participants responded to blocks of 21 consecutive presentations at stimulus velocities of 5mph (8.04km/h), 10mph (16.09km/h), and 20mph (32.18km/h) (63 trials). In the random condition, participants responded to randomized stimulus velocities of 5 to 20mph (64 trials). Results: CAT responses were collected from 20 participants. The relationship between CAT errors and stimulus velocity was best fit with a linear function for the nonrandom condition and with a quadratic function for the random condition. Gaze tracking data were examined for 14 participants. Predictive gaze shifts occurred in 23.6% of the trials in the nonrandom condition and 12.4% of trials in the random condition. In trials with no predictive movements, tracking generally occurred for most of the trajectory. Substantial head movements in the direction of the approaching stimulus occurred regularly for most participants. Conclusion: Predictive gaze movements were uncommon in this coincidence-anticipation timing task. Continuous tracking was the most common gaze strategy. Future studies can explore whether training with CAT devices leads to improved sports performance.

  PublisherDOI

• Fluid Reservoir Characteristics in Established Scleral Lens Wear, Part II: Evaluation of Tear Exchange and Midday Fogging

  Eye & Contact Lens Science & Clinical Practice · 2026-04-02

  articleOpen access1st authorCorresponding

  OBJECTIVES: Tear exchange is less robust with scleral lenses compared to other modalities. This study evaluates tear exchange with scleral lens wear and examines relationships between tear exchange and optical density of the fluid reservoir and patient-reported midday fogging in established scleral lens wearers. METHODS: Participants reported if they experienced midday fogging. Tear exchange was evaluated by observing sodium fluorescein uptake into the post-lens fluid reservoir after 10 seconds, and 1, 2.5, and 5 minutes. Optical density of the fluid reservoir was measured using Scheimpflug imaging. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive value (NPV and PPV) of tear exchange as a predictor for fogging were calculated. RESULTS: Tear exchange occurred within 5 minutes in 64% of eyes. The difference in fluid reservoir optical density for eyes with and without tear exchange was greatest when tear exchange occurred within 10 seconds. Tear exchange between 1-5 minutes was not predictive for fogging. Tear exchange occurring within 10 seconds showed low sensitivity and NPV, but high specificity (87%) and PPV (71%) for predicting fogging. CONCLUSION: Tear exchange occurred in a majority of eyes in this study. Scleral lens wearers with a rapid tear exchange rate were more likely to report midday fogging.

  PublisherDOI

• Negligible Rebound in Myopia Progression Following Cessation of Treatment with 0.01% Atropine for 3 years: Year-4 Results from the CHAMP Phase 3 Clinical Trial

  Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · 2026-04-08

  articleOpen access

  INTRODUCTION: Stage 2 of the Childhood Atropine for Myopia Progression (CHAMP) study was conducted to observe the safety, efficacy and rebound effects of low-dose atropine sulphate ophthalmic solutions (0.01% and 0.02%) for paediatric myopia in the year following cessation of 3 years of prior treatment. METHODS: The study was a multicentre, randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled Phase 3 clinical trial. Children aged 3 to < 17 years with myopia (spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) from -0.50 to -6.00 D) who entered and completed Stage 1 (3 years of treatment) participated in the fourth-year follow-up (Stage 2). Stage 1 participants who were treated with atropine 0.01% or 0.02% were re-randomised 1:1:1 to atropine 0.01%, atropine 0.02% or vehicle in Stage 2. Stage 1 vehicle-treated participants were re-randomised 1:1 to atropine 0.01% or atropine 0.02% in Stage 2. Outcomes included changes in cycloplegic SER, changes in axial length (AL), responder status continuity and progression to high myopia. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty participants were randomised in Stage 2. Negligible rebound was observed among the participants who switched from 0.01% atropine to vehicle compared to those who continued on 0.01% atropine treatment (least square mean difference in SER change from Month 36 to Month 48 between continued treatment and switching to vehicle = 0.019 D, 95% CI [-0.14, 0.18], p = 0.82 for the modified Intent to Treat set). Stage 1 responders remained responders in 83-90% of participants in various Stage 2 groups. Safety profiles were favourable, with mild, transient adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Atropine sulphate ophthalmic solution (0.01%) exhibited negligible rebound in myopia progression after treatment cessation following 3 years of continued treatment, highlighting its potential as a treatment option. The treatment maintained a favourable safety record, and the overall benefit and risk assessment support its potential use as a long-term myopia management option. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Childhood Atropine for Myopia Progression (CHAMP) study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03350620, registration date November 17, 2017).

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Presence of Eyelid Disease in Habitual Scleral Lens Wearers

  Journal of Clinical Medicine · 2026-04-22

  articleOpen accessSenior author

  Background/Objectives: As scleral lens (SL) use continues to expand, particularly for medically necessary management of corneal irregularity and ocular surface disease, it is important to determine if wear of these lenses is associated with eyelid disease. This study evaluated habitual SL wearers for meibomian gland obstruction, meibum quality, and signs of lid margin inflammation. Methods: Eligible participants wore scleral lenses in one or both eyes for any indication and had been wearing their current lens design(s) for at least six months, with habitual wear of ≥5 h per day, six days per week. Eyelid inflammation metrics were specifically assessed. Results: Forty-nine scleral lens wearers (32 females) were enrolled. Upper lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) was present in 21 eyes (43%), and lower LWE was present in 15 eyes (31%). Thirty-nine eyes (80%) had expressible meibomian glands. Eyes with no expressible meibum were significantly higher in ocular surface disease (39%, 7/18) than corneal irregularity (11%, 3/27) (p = 0.03). Lid margin telangiectasia was present in wearers with ocular surface disease (61%, 11/18) and corneal irregularity (19%, 5/26) (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Eyelid disease was common among habitual scleral wearers regardless of indication for lens use. Eyes with ocular surface disease demonstrated a higher prevalence of meibomian gland obstruction and lid margin telangiectasia compared to those with corneal irregularity.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Clinical burden of dry eye disease in patients with ocular graft versus host disease

  Academia Medicine and Health · 2026-01-09

  articleOpen access

  Background: Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) is a frequent complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplant, with dry eye being the most common presentation. Patient experience with dry eye from oGVHD may negatively affect quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients’ perspectives on the symptoms, treatments, and care burdens associated with dry eye from oGVHD. Materials and methods: An electronic questionnaire was sent to patients with dry eye asking about their diagnoses, symptoms, treatments, and experiences associated with dry eye. Results: Of the 639 patients who responded to the questionnaire, 79 reported having dry eye from oGVHD and were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) age of these patients was 55 (10) years (range, 22–73 years; n = 75). Of the patients who reported their sex (n = 78), 32 were male, and 46 were female. The most common ocular symptom was a sandy or gritty feeling (n = 68, 86%). Patients reported a mean (SD) of nine (2) symptoms, despite using four (2) treatments. The most common initial treatment was artificial tears (n = 71, 90%). Most patients (68/75, 91%) reported receiving oGVHD care from an eye care professional (e.g., ophthalmologist or optometrist), whereas a few (4/75, 5%) received oGVHD care from a hematologist. Conclusions: Dry eye symptoms and treatments, along with the associated time and financial costs required, are a burden to patients with oGVHD. These patients should be evaluated by a knowledgeable eye care professional to best treat and manage their disease.

  PublisherDOI

• Predictive Gaze Shifts and Gaze Tracking with Coincidence-Anticipation Timing Responses

  Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) · 2026-02-07

  articleOpen access

  Dallin Page,1,2 Jennifer Swingle Fogt,1 Nick Fogt1 1College of Optometry, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; 2Department of Optometry, Malmstrom Air Force Base, Great Falls, MT, USACorrespondence: Nick Fogt, College of Optometry, the Ohio State University, 338 West Tenth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA, Email Fogt.4@osu.eduIntroduction: Coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT) requires an individual to execute a task at the same time that an approaching object arrives. Previous studies on intercepting a moving object suggest that if the interception location is known, observers quickly shift their gaze to this location. The purpose of this experiment was to qualitatively determine whether a clinical CAT device with a known interception location induces early predictive gaze shifts.Materials and Methods: CAT responses were measured using a Bassin Anticipation Timer consisting of a linear track of lights (3.58m). The lights illuminated sequentially to simulate movement along the track. A wearable video eye tracker was used to record the participants’ gaze location. Participants pushed a button to coincide with illumination of the final light on the track. CAT responses were assessed in 2 conditions. In the nonrandom condition, participants responded to blocks of 21 consecutive presentations at stimulus velocities of 5mph (8.04km/h), 10mph (16.09km/h), and 20mph (32.18km/h) (63 trials). In the random condition, participants responded to randomized stimulus velocities of 5 to 20mph (64 trials).Results: CAT responses were collected from 20 participants. The relationship between CAT errors and stimulus velocity was best fit with a linear function for the nonrandom condition and with a quadratic function for the random condition. Gaze tracking data were examined for 14 participants. Predictive gaze shifts occurred in 23.6% of the trials in the nonrandom condition and 12.4% of trials in the random condition. In trials with no predictive movements, tracking generally occurred for most of the trajectory. Substantial head movements in the direction of the approaching stimulus occurred regularly for most participants.Conclusion: Predictive gaze movements were uncommon in this coincidence-anticipation timing task. Continuous tracking was the most common gaze strategy. Future studies can explore whether training with CAT devices leads to improved sports performance.Keywords: vision, sports, coincidence anticipation timing, eye movements, head movements

  PublisherOA PDF

• Wear Experience with a Silicone Hydrogel 1-Week Replacement Lens in Current Wearers of a 2-Week Replacement Lens

  Clinical Optometry · 2025-09-01

  articleOpen access1st authorCorresponding

  Purpose: More frequent replacement of contact lenses may be beneficial for ocular health, but satisfied wearers often have prescriptions renewed in the same lens. This study sought to evaluate the wear experience of a newly released 1-week replacement lens among currently satisfied wearers of a 2-week replacement lens. Methods: This open-label, non-comparative study of single vision lenses recruited satisfied wearers of senofilcon A and refit them in serafilcon A. Participants wore the study lenses for two weeks. Assessments included visual acuity and surveys regarding wear experience: the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8); visual analog scale (VAS) ratings of vision quality and comfort; VAS ratings of vision and comfort during a variety of activities; and ratings of convenience, satisfaction and ease of use on a 0 to 10 Likert scale. Results: Sixty-two participants completed the study. Median (interquartile range) distance LogMAR acuity with the study lenses was -0.15 (0.12) OD, -0.16 (0.10) OS, and -0.22 (0.08) OU. The median (IQR) CLDEQ-8 score was 10 (10). Median (IQR) VAS responses were 91 (22) for overall quality of vision and 83 (30), for overall comfort. Median VAS responses regarding specific activities ranged from 87 to 91 for vision and 81 to 90 for comfort. Median (IQR) ratings were 8 (2) for convenience, 10 (1) for ease of use, and 9 (2) for satisfaction. Conclusion: In this study, satisfied wearers of a commonly prescribed 2-week replacement soft contact lens reported median wear experience VAS scores in the upper quartile for all assessments of vision and comfort and a median CLDEQ-8 score below that associated with dryness. Findings suggest that these lenses are a viable option for practitioners interested in the weekly replacement modality of soft lenses.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Refitting Previous Presbyopic Contact Lens Dropouts with a Single Use Multifocal Contact Lens

  Clinical Optometry · 2025-07-01

  articleOpen access1st authorCorresponding

  Purpose: Contact lens dropout is known to occur frequently in presbyopic patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of patient-reported success, defined by willingness to continue lens wear after the study, when fitting previous presbyopic contact lens dropout patients with a single-use multifocal contact lens. Methods: Presbyopes who had previously discontinued contact lens wear due to poor vision were recruited and fit with delefilcon A multifocal contact lenses. Participants were prescribed lenses following the fitting guide, wore lenses for 1 week to allow for adaptation, and returned for a follow-up visit. After confirmation of optimized lens powers, lenses were dispensed for one month of wear. A final visit was completed to assess vision and respond to survey questions, including 0-100 visual analog scale (VAS) surveys of lens wear experiences. Participants also scored their likelihood of continuing with study lenses upon study completion and whether the participant would recommend the study lenses to a friend. Success with fitting the study lenses was defined as those participants who selected "very likely" or "likely" to continue wearing the study lenses after the conclusion of the study. Results: Twenty-five participants completed all study visits. Median (Interquartile range) binocular LogMAR acuity with the study lenses was -0.10 (0.16) at distance (20/16 Snellen acuity equivalent) and 0.00 (0.12) at near (20/20 Snellen acuity equivalent). The median (IQR) satisfaction score was 84 (29.75) on a scale of 0-100. Eighty percent of the participants said they were very likely or likely to continue wearing the multifocal lenses after the conclusion of the study. All twenty-five of the participants said they would recommend the study lenses to a friend. Conclusion: The objective and subjective findings of this study suggest that presbyopic contact lens dropouts can be refit with the study multifocal contact lens.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Slit Lamp Findings in Scleral Lens Wearers With and Without Subjective Fogging

  Eye & Contact Lens Science & Clinical Practice · 2025-07-02 · 1 citations

  article1st authorCorresponding

  PURPOSE: The term "midday fogging" is used to describe visual blur, which some scleral lens wearers experience during use. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fit characteristics and biomicroscopic findings in habitual scleral lens wearers contribute to symptoms of fogging. METHODS: This prospective, observational study analyzed 48 habitual scleral lens wearers who wore lenses in one or both eyes from five clinical sites. Participants indicated whether they experienced fogging. Slit Lamp biomicroscopy was performed to evaluate fluid reservoir (FR) depth and presence or absence of limbal clearance, edge lift or impingement, conjunctival prolapse, and front surface nonwetting. Presence or absence of mucous strands, fine particulate debris, and diffuse haze in the FR were also noted. Backward elimination binomial logistic regression using one eye per participant compared the findings of eyes with and without subjective fogging. RESULTS: Fogging was reported by 58% participants (28/48). Statistical analysis found no significant differences in scleral lens fitting characteristics of eyes with and without reported fogging. The presence of front surface nonwetting and diffuse haze were statistically higher in eyes with fogging. CONCLUSION: In this study, front surface nonwetting and diffuse haze observed with Slit Lamp biomicroscopy were associated with patient-reported scleral lens fogging.

  PublisherDOI

Frequent coauthors

• Amy Nau

  New England College of Optometry

  612 shared

• Ellen Shorter

  611 shared

• Muriel Schornack

  Mayo Clinic

  557 shared

• Jennifer Harthan

  Illinois College of Optometry

  534 shared

• Cherie B. Nau

  Mayo Clinic

  454 shared

• Alexander Hochwald

  Mayo Clinic in Florida

  225 shared

• David O. Hodge

  Mayo Clinic in Florida

  225 shared

• Dingcai Cao

  108 shared

Labs

• Karla Zadnik LabPI

Awards & honors

• Fellow of the American Academy of Optometry (2001)
• Fellow of the Scleral Lens Education Society (2017)