About

Jodi Antonelli is an Associate Professor of Urology in the Department of Surgery at Duke University. She is affiliated with Duke Endourology and Metabolic Stone Disease Fellowship, indicating her specialization in endourology and metabolic stone disease. Her role involves both clinical practice and research, contributing to advancements in urology through her expertise. Her contact email is jodi.antonelli@duke.edu, and she is based in Durham, North Carolina, where she is actively involved in the academic and medical community at Duke University.

Research topics

• Medicine
• Internal medicine
• Surgery
• Materials science
• Artificial Intelligence
• Urology
• Computer Science
• Machine Learning
• Optics
• Biomedical engineering
• Nursing
• Physical therapy
• Mathematics
• Intensive care medicine
• Algorithm
• Physics
• Radiology
• Geometry
• Demography
• Philosophy
• Composite material

Selected publications

• IP24-18 PULSED THULIUM: YAG LASER LITHOTRIPSY: BALANCING EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY ACROSS DUSTING AND CAPTIVE MODES

  The Journal of Urology · 2026-04-27

  article
  PublisherDOI

• Optimizing Fragmentation while Minimizing Thermal Injury Risk with the Thulium Fiber Laser in Ureteral Stone Lithotripsy: An In Vitro Study

  Journal of Endourology · 2025-05-10 · 2 citations

  article

  Objective: To optimize thulium fiber laser (TFL) settings for effective stone fragmentation although minimizing thermal injury in confined ureteral spaces using a three-dimensional ureter model. Materials and Methods: A hydrogel-based ureter model was maintained at 37.2 ± 0.5°C, with a cylindrical BegoStone (10 × 10 mm, 1.00 ± 0.07 gm) occluding the ureter. Ureteroscopy was performed using a 150 µm TFL fiber for 3 minutes with room temperature irrigation and differing rates (0, 20, 40 mL/min) and power settings (6.4 to 20 W). Maximum sustained temperature (MST) and cumulative thermal dose (cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C) were assessed against a 120-minute safety threshold. We also evaluated the effects of ureter volume and irrigation temperature. Stone mass treated was calculated by subtracting the mass of residual fragments >3 mm from the initial mass. Results: At 6.4 and 10 W, MSTs were below body temperature, and thermal doses were under 1 minute, indicating minimal thermal risk. At 20 W with 20 mL/min irrigation, MST exceeded 43°C within seconds, and thermal doses surpassed 120 minutes. Treatment efficiency was highest at 20 W (1.58 mg/s), followed by 10 W (1.15 mg/s) and 6.4 W (0.78 mg/s). Among 10 W settings, 1.0 J/10 Hz was more efficient than 2.0 J/5 Hz and 3.0 J/3 Hz. Safe settings produced 95.5% fine dust, whereas high-energy pulses 2–3 J produced significantly more fragments (1–3 mm) compared with settings with pulse energy 0.5–1.0 J. Increasing irrigation to 40 mL/min or using 15°C irrigation effectively reduced MST and improved efficiency, particularly at 20 W. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the risk of thermal injury with 20 W TFL treatment. Conversely, 10 W settings at 2.0 J/5 Hz are safe and effective for fragmentation. Future research will focus on validating these optimal settings for human stone treatment.

  PublisherDOI

• IP06-29 A 10-YEAR EVALUATION OF TIMING OF INFECTIONS FOLLOWING URETEROSCOPY FOR STONE TREATMENT IN A SINGLE INSTITUTION

  The Journal of Urology · 2025-04-08

  article
  PublisherDOI

• MP33-08 ENHANCING UROLOGY REFERRAL INTAKE THROUGH AI-ASSISTED PRE-CHARTING: A PILOT STUDY

  The Journal of Urology · 2025-04-08

  article
  PublisherDOI

• Holmium and Thulium Fiber Lasers

  Urologic Clinics of North America · 2025-05-30

  review
  PublisherDOI

• Infection Risk in Patients with Mixed Flora in Urine Cultures Prior to Ureteroscopy

  Journal of Endourology · 2025-02-10 · 4 citations

  article

  Purpose: Urine cultures are routinely used to inform preoperative antibiotic choice and duration prior to endourologic surgery. The presence of mixed flora in preoperative urine cultures holds unclear clinical significance. This study examines infectious outcomes after ureteroscopy in patients with preoperative mixed flora urine cultures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients who underwent ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy between January 2014 and June 2024 who had urine cultures performed within 60 days preoperatively. Patients were categorized into cohorts based on their preoperative urine culture: mixed flora, negative, or positive. Postoperative urinary tract infection rates within 30 days were compared between cohorts, and logistic regression was performed adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Results: We identified 5166 patients who underwent ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy (2139 mixed flora, 1525 negative, 1502 positive). Preoperative antibiotics were used more often in the mixed flora cohort (29%) than in the negative cohort (24%, p = 0.007) but less frequently than in the positive cohort (57%, p < 0.001). Postoperative infections were visualized in 165 patients (8%) in the mixed flora cohort, compared with 88 (6%) in the negative cohort ( p = 0.067) and 237 (16%) in the positive cohort ( p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that positive cultures were associated with an increased risk of infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49–2.55, p < 0.001), but negative cultures had a similar risk of infection compared with mixed flora (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.56–1.11, p = 0.177). Within the mixed flora cohort, preoperative antibiotic treatment was not associated with decreased postoperative infection (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.66–1.47, p = 0.964). Conclusions: While patients with preoperative mixed flora urine cultures received preoperative antibiotics more often than patients with negative urine cultures, they were not at higher risk for postoperative infection. Routine preoperative antibiotic use in patients with mixed flora cultures may not be effective in reducing infectious complications after ureteroscopy.

  PublisherDOI

• IP06-03 A STANDARDIZED STONE PATHWAY IMPROVES PATIENT DISPOSITION AND UROLOGIC FOLLOW UP IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

  The Journal of Urology · 2025-04-08

  article
  PublisherDOI

• Development of Prediction Models for Severe Pain and Urinary Symptoms After Ureteroscopy With Ureteral Stent Placement: Results From the STENTS Study and Initial Validation of Pain Interference

  The Journal of Urology · 2025-03-07 · 6 citations

  articleOpen access

  PURPOSE: We developed prediction models for severe pain and urinary symptoms after ureteroscopy with ureteral stent placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The development cohort included 424 adults and adolescents enrolled in the multicenter STENTS prospective cohort study who underwent ureteroscopy with stent placement for urinary stones. The validation cohort was an independent prospective cohort of 115 adults. The outcomes were severe pain intensity and pain interference, measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, and severe urinary symptoms, measured by the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire. The top quartile of symptoms on postoperative days 1 and 3 was defined as severe. Generalized estimating equation models were used to predict severe symptoms on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7 to 9 in the development cohort and severe pain interference on days 1 and 7 in the validation cohort. RESULTS: Female sex, younger age, higher BMI, baseline pain interference, number of chronic pain conditions, renal stone location, and history of anxiety predicted severe pain. In the development cohort, the C statistics were 0.83 (95% CI 0.80-0.85) for severe pain interference and 0.82 (95% CI 0.79-0.84) for severe pain intensity. A model in which baseline urinary symptoms replaced pain interference had excellent discrimination for severe urinary symptoms (C statistic 0.83; 95% CI 0.81-0.85). In the validation cohort, the C statistic was 0.7 for severe pain interference (95% CI 0.54-0.78). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative characteristics accurately predicted severe pain and urinary symptoms after ureteroscopy with stent placement. On further validation, these models could guide clinical decisions to improve surgical outcomes.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Low Income and Nonwhite Race are Strongly Associated with Worse Quality of Life in Patients with Nephrolithiasis.

  UNC Libraries · 2025-07-23

  articleOpen access

  PURPOSE: Kidney stones are a source of significant morbidity which have been shown to negatively impact health related quality of life. We sought to understand the association between health related quality of life, socioeconomic status and race among patients with kidney stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with stones at a total of 11 stone centers across the United States completed the WISQOL (Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life questionnaire). The patient ZIP Code™ was used to estimate household income. A mixed effects regression model was constructed for analysis with ZIP Code as the random intercept. RESULTS: A total of 2,057 stone formers completed the WISQOL. Lower income was independently associated with significantly lower health related quality of life (β = 0.372, p = 0.014), as were nonwhite race (β = -0.299, p = 0.001), unemployed work status (β = -0.291, p = 0.008), female gender (β = -0.204, p <0.001), body mass index greater than 40 kg/m² (β = -0.380, p <0.001), 5 or more medical comorbidities (β = -0.354, p = 0.001), severe recurrent stone formation (β = -0.146, p = 0.045), enrollment at an acute care visit, or a preoperative or postoperative appointment (β = -0.548, p <0.001) and recent stone symptoms (β = -0.892, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Lower income, nonwhite race and unemployed work status were independently associated with lower health related quality of life among patients with kidney stones. While clinical characteristics such as body mass and stone disease severity were also associated with health related quality of life, this study shows that socioeconomic factors are similarly important. Further research to understand the specific mechanisms by which socioeconomic status and race impact health may lend insight into methods to optimize clinical treatment of stone formers and patients with other chronic diseases.

  PublisherDOI

• Postoperative Symptom Severity and Time Course After Bilateral Ureteroscopy With Stents: Results From the Study to Enhance Understanding of Stent-associated Symptoms

  Urology · 2025-09-11

  articleOpen accessSenior author
  PublisherOA PDFDOI

Frequent coauthors

• Margaret S. Pearle

  75 shared

• Stephen Y. Nakada

  70 shared

• Vincent G. Bird

  Florida College

  64 shared

• Kristina L. Penniston

  University of Wisconsin–Madison

  57 shared

• Charles D. Scales

  57 shared

• Stephen J. Freedland

  Durham VA Medical Center

  57 shared

• Timothy D. Averch

  Prisma Health

  55 shared

• Roger L. Sur

  55 shared