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Dr. Sarah Chen
Stanford · NLP & interpretability
91
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Fairness + NLP projects overlap with her recent work.
Strong methods fit: model evaluation and interpretability.
Clear outreach angle for current trustworthy AI research.
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Ask how her lab is extending interpretability methods into fairness audits for real-world AI systems.
Parisa Andalib
· Associate Research ProfessorVerified
Northeastern University · Electrical and Energy Engineering
Parisa Andalib is an Associate Research Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Northeastern University College of Engineering. She has been recognized with the 2023 Faculty Research Team Award and has contributed to the university's reputation as a leading research institution, evidenced by Northeastern's consistent ranking among the top 100 U.S. universities with U.S. utility patents. Her research includes work on magnetic materials with ultrahigh resistivity intergrain nanoparticles, for which she and Professor Vincent Harris were awarded a patent. Andalib is actively involved in projects bridging laboratory results to commercially viable prototypes, as demonstrated by her participation in Northeastern's GapFund360 program, which supports innovative engineering research. Her contributions to the field are part of Northeastern's broader efforts in engineering research and innovation.
Quantum phenomena, including entanglement, superposition, tunneling, and spin–orbit interactions, among others, are foundational to the development of recent innovations in quantum computing, teleportation, encryption, sensing, and new modalities of electronics, such as spintronics, spin-orbitronics, caloritronics, magnonics, twistronics, and valleytronics. These emerging technologies provide disruptive influences to global commercial markets. These remarkable advances in quantum technologies are nearly always enabled by the discovery of materials and their quantum behaviors. Such advances are governed by quantum principles that are strongly influenced by environmental, physical, topological, and morphological conditions such as very small length scales, short time durations, ultrahigh pressures, ultralow temperatures, etc., which lead to quantum behaviors that manifest as quantum tunneling, entanglement, superpositioning, superfluidity, low-dimensional, high-temperature and high-pressure superconductivity, quantum fluctuations, Bose–Einstein condensates, topological effects, and other phenomena that are not yet fully understood nor adequately explored. Here, we provide a review of quantum materials developed up to 2023. Remarkable advances in quantum materials occur daily, and therefore, by the time of publication, new and exciting breakthroughs will have occurred that are regrettably not covered herein.
Transition from fourth to fifth generation wireless technologies requires a shift from 2.3 GHz to Ka-band with the promise of revolutionary increases in data handling capacity and transfer rates at greatly reduced latency among other benefits. A key enabling technology is the integration of Ka-band massive multiple input–multiple output (m-MIMO) antenna arrays. m-MIMO array elements simultaneously transmit and receive (STAR) data providing true full duplexing in time and frequency domains. A necessary innovation calls for the integration of device quality Ka-ferrites with wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor heterostructures allowing for system on-wafer solutions. Here, we report results of systematic studies of pulsed laser deposited (PLD) barium hexaferrite (BaM) films on industrial compatible WBG semiconductor heterostructures suitable for operation in Ka-band circulators.
Tackling thermal management and power consumption challenges, one aims to suppress inductor core power loss (CPL), as one of the major sources of inefficiency in these systems and is the main focus of this chapter. Novel designs and synthesis strategies are proposed for addressing dissipation mechanisms responsible for efficiency of inductor cores at high operating frequencies. Findings presented show remarkable suppression of the CPL by means of significantly reducing eddy currents and residual losses in MnZn-ferrite-based nanocomposites. The chapter presents a review of spinel ferrite compositions and structures with special attention paid to grain boundary chemistry and structure and its role in determining inductor performance in power generation, conversion, and conditioning applications. Ferrite compositions and ceramic processing protocols, including complex sintering practices, are reported and discussed at length as to their impact upon frequency-dependent performance.
ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology · 2022 · 15 citations
Senior authorCorresponding
Computer Science
Computer Science
Telecommunications
5th generation (5G) wireless technologies promise a transition from 4G 2.3 GHz to Ka-band (i.e., 28–33 GHz) frequencies and the promise of revolutionary increases in data handling capacity and transfer rates at greatly reduced latency, among other benefits. A key enabling 5G technology is the development of massive multiple input—multiple output ( m-MIMO ) antenna arrays where array elements simultaneously transmit and receive (STAR) data providing true full duplexing in time and frequency domains. Small cells, i.e., mobile and stationary base stations used to supplement existing 4G network infrastructure to boost signals in dense urban environments, will provide coverage over smaller areas to efficiently transmit signals over the millimeter wave spectrum. In order to realize these extraordinary advances, key materials must be developed, chief among them RF magnetoceramics. Here, we describe application of the long-standing Goodenough-Kanamori-Anderson rules for superexchange as guiding principles in the design of next generation magnetoceramics to meet the challenges of 5G wireless communication technologies and their timely implementation.
Transition from fourth to fifth generation wireless technologies requires a shift from 2.3 GHz to Ka-band with the promise of revolutionary increases in data handling capacity and transfer rates at greatly reduced latency among other benefits. A key enabling technology is the integration of Ka-band massive multiple input–multiple output (m-MIMO) antenna arrays. m-MIMO array elements simultaneously transmit and receive (STAR) data providing true full duplexing in time and frequency domains. STAR requires, as a central component, the circulator. However, conventional circulators are bulky and prohibit the engineering of Ka array lattices. A necessary innovation calls for the integration of device-quality Ka-ferrites with wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor heterostructures allowing for system-on-wafer solutions. Here, we report results of a systematic study of pulsed laser deposited (PLD) barium magnetoplumbite (BaM) films on industrial compatible WBG semiconductor heterostructures suitable for operation in Ka-band circulators. We demonstrate successful PLD growth of BaM films on WBG semiconductor heterostructures. BaM films that show device quality performance in structure, epitaxy, and magnetic properties were realized for BaM/MgO/AlN/SiC(X). Film properties include bulk-like values of magnetic anisotropy field, Ha ∼16.5 kOe, and saturation magnetization, 4πMs ∼ 4.2 kG. Ferromagnetic resonance linewidth values are competitive and comparable with device design goals for insertion loss. Only heterostructures where SiC substrates have Si-polar surface showed superior properties. These results define a path for integration of magnetodielectric materials on wide bandgap heterostructures for self-biased devices essential to implementing millimeter-wave m-MIMO array and the enormous potential it offers to 5G technologies.
Ferrite materials possess a unique combination of properties including permeability, permittivity, and low RF losses. There exist no other materials with such wide-ranging value to electronic applications in terms of power generation, conditioning, and conversion. These power management functions are required by not only enormous systems, such as our national power grid, but also our smaller systems, such as mobile communication platforms and components, where microinductors are integrated with semiconductor circuitry. These seemingly desperate needs provide bookends for the U.S. interests in size, frequency, and technology maturity to address societal needs in energy conservation and performance. Today, ferrites play an essential role in today's society. Nearly every consumer product has one or more ferrites embedded into its systems. And nearly all future products considered today are anticipated to contain ferrites. A principal challenge in the design and production of ferrite components is the management of escalating heat dissipation and its impact upon overall system efficiency. The heat dissipation derives from excessive eddy current and residual losses that become dominant at high frequencies. The power dissipation mechanisms of these ferrites include hysteresis, eddy current and residual losses. At high frequencies, in applications such as switching power supplies, these losses result in heat dissipation that can be only mitigated by increasing the resistivity of the current flow path and tuning of the domain wall resonance away from the operational frequency, respectively. The thesis presented here pursues the mitigation of heat generation in RF systems from magnetic components at its core. Specifically, we have endeavored to minimize heat generation by power losses by minimization of eddy current and residual losses. However, our aim is higher in that we hope to realize such losses without concomitant degradation to functional properties, most namely, the permeability. This is a lofty goal that has stymied researchers for decades. In our approach to minimize eddy current losses, we have aimed to disrupt long-range eddy currents by introduction of insulating magnetic nanoparticles (i.e., YIG) to the grain boundary regions. We demonstrate that the total core loss, Pv, decreases with increasing weight percent additive in comparable measure for both BTO and YIG by about 71 and 77% for the highest concentration of inclusions. This is largely attributed to a reduction in eddy current losses where a total reduction in Pe relative to the parent compound is found to be for x= 0.08 wt% of YIG 79.2% and 76.9%, respectively. This accounts for as much as 87.5% of the total loss dissipation in response to the introduction and collocation of these inclusions to the grain boundary region. Most importantly, permeability values for the YIG-modified samples show a striking contrast when compared with that of the BTO-modified samples. The former retains a high permeability, with a 24.5% reduction for the highest concentration of additives, as oppose to the latter that experienced a 64.3% reduction for the same additive weight percent. When ferrite-containing power management components are driven to higher powers and frequencies, residual losses, Pr, become particularly detrimental to performance. For these operational conditions, we have opted to design the ferrite compound with key additives of Ni2+ and Ga3+. We adopted Ni substitutions based on the work of others that showed that this resulted in the minimization of hysteretic losses, Ph, in the vicinity of the device operating temperature. We have reproduced these results. The introduction of Ga substitution is our innovation and is intended to shift the domain wall resonance frequency (i.e., the spectrum region of most residual losses) to higher frequencies far from the operating frequency thus minimizing the impact of Pr to the total core loss. Our principle finding was that with optimal doping of Ga, the relative role of Pr at the typical operating temperature of power inductor cores 80 C, was suppressed by 36%. In summary, we have successfully demonstrated for the first time the ability to mitigate high frequency eddy current losses while maintaining high permeability. The approach requires only a small alteration to chemistry and processing and is therefore adaptable to industrial scale processing at low cost. Further, the substitution of Ga3+ for Zn2+ was shown to shift the resonance frequency far from the operating conditions and resulted in substantial reduction in residual losses. Taken together, these innovative strategies represent a substantial improvement in the performance of ferrites as inductor cores for power electronic applications. The improvements are not merely incremental, but some might say groundbreaking.
A novel approach entailing the introduction of incongruent insulating magnetic inclusions to the grain boundary region of polycrystalline ferrite cores has been proposed to target the eddy current loss as the major source of core loss at high operating frequency. To demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, highly resistive ferrimagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) were introduced to the grain boundaries of MnZn ferrite. Diamagnetic NPs of barium titanate (BTO) were similarly added as a nonmagnetic insulating grain boundary control additive. A profound decrease was observed in the eddy current loss (up to 79%) by using this approach. For the case of magnetic inclusions, a retained high permeability (24% reduction) was achieved, whereas the samples with nonmagnetic additives experienced a considerable sacrifice to permeability (64% reduction). The sustained high permeability was attributed to the ferrimagnetic YIG NPs maintaining long-range magnetic interactions, whereas the BTO NPs both frustrated the eddy current and long-range intergranular magnetic interactions. These results indicate that low permeability is no longer a necessary constraint for suppression of core power loss.
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · 2016-09-12 · 20 citations
article
A method that allows the determination of magnetic permeability in magnetic bodies, as well as the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth, by measuring only the quality factor and the resonant frequency of the perturbed microwave cavity at FMR is presented. The method is based on a set of equations derived for various types of magnetic media, including ferrites, single crystals, and polycrystalline materials. The evaluation of resonators containing magnetic medium is considered, and a detailed description of the spectrometer and the experimental procedure are presented. Independently measured yttrium iron garnet samples were used to validate the method.
